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1.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) ; 98(5): 730-737, 2023 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36510647

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 has a wide spectrum of clinical severity and there is evidence that SARS-Cov2 affects several organs and systems. Among the organs affected since the beginning of the pandemic, the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and thyroid involvement has been demonstrated. Novel and highly effective messenger RNA and DNA-based vaccines have been rapidly developed to decrease SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality. Early after mass vaccinations, cases of thyroid dysfunction mainly including episodes of subacute thyroiditis, began to be reported like adverse effects. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of the pandemic, both due to SARS-CoV2 infections and vaccinations, on the incidence of Graves' disease (GD). METHODS: Cross-sectional, observational study comparing incidence of GD in adult population (over 18 years) before (2017-2019) and after (2020-2021) Covid-19 pandemic. Only patients with new cases of GD, no relapsed diseases, were included. SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis was based on nucleic acid amplification tests on nasopharyngeal swabs or measurement of class M and class G antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 by highly specific assays. Data on incidence and vaccination related to SARS-CoV-2 infection were obtained from the public records from Castilla y León autonomous regional government. RESULTS: A total of 180 subjects were diagnosed and treated for GD during the study period. We observed a notable increase in expected GD cases in 2021 compared to 2017-19. The number of GD cases was higher in the second (Q2) quarter. Among 2021 GD cases, 42/66 patients (63.6%) had been vaccinated in the 90 days before symptom onset, but none of them in the first quarter of the year. A total of 97.7% were women with a mean age of 48.9 (SD 15.6) years. On average they were diagnosed 19.9 (SD 17.6) days after receiving the vaccine. A total of 7/42 (16.67%) had another previously diagnosed autoimmune disease and 11/42 (26.19%) were smokers. DISCUSSION: Our results show a notable increase in the incidence of GD during the year 2021, specially in women with a history of smoking. Hyper activation of the immune system induced by SARS-CoV2 and by the recently released SARS-COV-2 vaccines has been highlighted in recent months. To assess whether this observed increase in the incidence of GD is sustained in the coming years or has simply been a precipitous trigger for individuals who were already predisposed to develop the disease, future studies will be needed.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Enfermedad de Graves , Adulto , Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Pandemias , ARN Viral , COVID-19/epidemiología , Prueba de COVID-19 , Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , Estudios Transversales , Incidencia , SARS-CoV-2 , Enfermedad de Graves/epidemiología
2.
Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed) ; 70 Suppl 1: 7-26, 2023 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36404266

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Hyponatremia is the most prevalent electrolyte disorder in the outpatient and inpatient settings. Despite this frequency, hyponatremia, including severe hyponatremia, is frequently underestimated and inadequately treated, thus highlighting the need to produce consensus documents and clinical practice guidelines geared towards improving the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to it in a structured fashion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Members of the Acqua Group of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition (SEEN) met using a networking methodology over a period of 20 months (between October 2019 and August 2021) with the aim of discussing and developing an updated guideline for the management of hyponatraemia. A literature search of the available scientific evidence for each section presented in this document was performed. RESULTS: A document with 8 sections was produced, which sets out to provide updated guidance on the most clinically relevant questions in the management of hyponatraemia. The management of severe hyponatraemia is based on the i.v. administration of a 3% hypertonic solution. For the management of chronic euvolemic hyponatraemia, algorithms for the initiation of treatment with the two pharmacological therapeutic options currently available in Spain are presented: urea and tolvaptan. CONCLUSIONS: This document sets out to simplify the approach to and the treatment of hyponatraemia, making it easier to learn and thus improve the clinical approach to hyponatremia.


Asunto(s)
Hiponatremia , Síndrome de Secreción Inadecuada de ADH , Humanos , Hiponatremia/diagnóstico , Hiponatremia/etiología , Hiponatremia/terapia , Síndrome de Secreción Inadecuada de ADH/complicaciones , Síndrome de Secreción Inadecuada de ADH/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Secreción Inadecuada de ADH/terapia , Consenso , Solución Salina Hipertónica/uso terapéutico , Tolvaptán/uso terapéutico
4.
Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed) ; 68(3): 159-169, 2021 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34167695

RESUMEN

From the third decade of life and due to multiple causes, muscle mass and strength are gradually lost, which affects the function of the musculoskeletal system. This combined loss of muscle mass and strength with aging is called sarcopenia, and is associated with greater morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Early treatment is therefore essential, and physical exercise is the therapeutic approach that has given the best results. This literature review intended to analyze the effect of physical exercise, excluding the role that other treatments proposed, including the nutritional approach, could play in the treatment of sarcopenia, refers to 12 articles. In studies including high intensity strength exercises in isolation, either alone or combined with aerobic exercise, improvements were seen in muscle mass, muscle strength, and functional test times. There is also a significant increase in fat-free mass in individuals who exercised more frequently (more than two sessions per week). Current evidence shows that strength-resistance training and its combination in multimodal programs with aerobic exercise show significantly beneficial effects on anthropometric and muscle function parameters. Programs of prescribed exercises including strength exercises adequate to the characteristics should therefore be adapted to the characteristics of each individual and replace the usual practice of prescribing aerobic exercises (walking) only.


Asunto(s)
Terapia por Ejercicio , Entrenamiento de Fuerza , Sarcopenia , Anciano , Humanos , Fuerza Muscular , Sarcopenia/terapia
5.
Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed) ; 68(3): 159-169, 2021 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés, Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32616411

RESUMEN

From the third decade of life and due to multiple causes, muscle mass and strength are gradually lost, which affects the function of the musculoskeletal system. This combined loss of muscle mass and strength with aging is called sarcopenia, and is associated with greater morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Early treatment is therefore essential, and physical exercise is the therapeutic approach that has given the best results. This literature review intended to analyze the effect of physical exercise, excluding the role that other treatments proposed, including the nutritional approach, could play in the treatment of sarcopenia, refers to 12 articles. In studies including high intensity strength exercises in isolation, either alone or combined with aerobic exercise, improvements were seen in muscle mass, muscle strength, and functional test times. There is also a significant increase in fat-free mass in individuals who exercised more frequently (more than two sessions per week). Current evidence shows that strength-resistance training and its combination in multimodal programs with aerobic exercise show significantly beneficial effects on anthropometric and muscle function parameters. Programs of prescribed exercises including strength exercises adequate to the characteristics should therefore be adapted to the characteristics of each individual and replace the usual practice of prescribing aerobic exercises (walking) only.

8.
Gac Med Mex ; 156(1): 78-81, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32026886

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Tolvaptan introduction has constituted the main therapeutic novelty in the management of hyponatremia in recent years. OBJECTIVE: To describe the experience with this drug at Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, Spain. METHOD: Retrospective, observational study of tolvaptan outpatient use in a tertiary care hospital from March 2014 to August 2017. RESULTS: A total of 9 patients were treated with tolvaptan in the outpatient setting. Eunatremia was reached in 24 h by 23.1%. After tolvaptan administration, a reduction in days of hospitalization was recorded (361 vs. 70; p = 0.007), especially in those days of hospitalization that were attributable to hyponatremia (306 vs. 49; p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term use of tolvaptan appears to be safe and is associated with a decrease in days of hospitalization.


INTRODUCCIÓN: La introducción de tolvaptan ha supuesto la principal novedad en el tratamiento de la hiponatremia en los últimos años. OBJETIVO: Describir la experiencia con tolvaptan en el Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, España. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de utilización ambulatoria de tolvaptan en un hospital de tercer nivel, de marzo de 2014 a agosto de 2017. RESULTADOS: Fueron tratados con tolvaptan de forma ambulatoria nueve pacientes, 23.1 % alcanzó eunatremia en 24 horas. Posterior a la administración de tolvaptan se registró reducción en días de hospitalización (361 versus 70, p = 0.007), especialmente por hiponatremia (306 versus 49, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONES: El uso a largo plazo de tolvaptan parece ser seguro y se relaciona con descenso en los días de hospitalización.


Asunto(s)
Atención Ambulatoria , Antagonistas de los Receptores de Hormonas Antidiuréticas/uso terapéutico , Hiponatremia/tratamiento farmacológico , Tolvaptán/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antagonistas de los Receptores de Hormonas Antidiuréticas/economía , Femenino , Humanos , Tiempo de Internación/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , España , Tolvaptán/economía
9.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 156(1): 78-81, ene.-feb. 2020. tab
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249873

RESUMEN

Resumen Introducción: La introducción de tolvaptan ha supuesto la principal novedad en el tratamiento de la hiponatremia en los últimos años. Objetivo: Describir la experiencia con tolvaptan en el Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, España. Método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de utilización ambulatoria de tolvaptan en un hospital de tercer nivel, de marzo de 2014 a agosto de 2017. Resultados: Fueron tratados con tolvaptan de forma ambulatoria nueve pacientes, 23.1 % alcanzó eunatremia en 24 horas. Posterior a la administración de tolvaptan se registró reducción en días de hospitalización (361 versus 70, p = 0.007), especialmente por hiponatremia (306 versus 49, p = 0.009). Conclusiones: El uso a largo plazo de tolvaptan parece ser seguro y se relaciona con descenso en los días de hospitalización.


Abstract Introduction: Tolvaptan introduction has constituted the main therapeutic novelty in the management of hyponatremia in recent years. Objective: To describe the experience with this drug at Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, Spain. Method: Retrospective, observational study of tolvaptan outpatient use in a tertiary care hospital from March 2014 to August 2017. Results: A total of 9 patients were treated with tolvaptan in the outpatient setting. Eunatremia was reached in 24 h by 23.1%. After tolvaptan administration, a reduction in days of hospitalization was recorded (361 vs. 70; p = 0.007), especially in those days of hospitalization that were attributable to hyponatremia (306 vs. 49; p = 0.009). Conclusions: Long-term use of tolvaptan appears to be safe and is associated with a decrease in days of hospitalization.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Atención Ambulatoria , Antagonistas de los Receptores de Hormonas Antidiuréticas/uso terapéutico , Tolvaptán/uso terapéutico , Hiponatremia/tratamiento farmacológico , España , Estudios Retrospectivos , Antagonistas de los Receptores de Hormonas Antidiuréticas/economía , Tolvaptán/economía , Tiempo de Internación/estadística & datos numéricos
10.
Endocrinol. diabetes nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 67(1): 13-19, ene. 2020. tab
Artículo en Inglés | IBECS | ID: ibc-186142

RESUMEN

Background: Head and neck cancer patients have a high rate of complications during the postoperative period that could increase their morbidity rate. Arginine has been shown to improve healing and to modulate inflammation and immune response. The aim of our study was to assess whether use of arginine-enriched enteral formulas could decrease fistulas and length of stay (LoS). Methods. A retrospective study was conducted in patients who had undergone head and neck cancer surgery and were receiving enteral nutrition through a nasogastric tube in the postoperative period between January 2012 and May 2018. The differences associated to use of immunoformula vs. standard formulas were analysed. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and nutritional intervention variables, as well as nutritional parameters, were recorded during the early postoperative period. Occurrence of complications (fistulas), length of hospital stay, readmissions, and 90-day mortality were recorded. Results: In a univariate analysis, patients who received nutritional support with immunonutrition had a lower fistula occurrence rate (17.91% vs. 32.84%; p = 0.047) and a shorter mean LoS [28.25 (SD 16.11) vs. 35.50 (SD 25.73) days; p = 0.030]. After adjusting for age, energy intake, aggressiveness of surgery and tumour stage, fistula occurrence rate and LoS were similar in both groups irrespective of the type of formula. Conclusions: Use of arginine-enriched enteral nutrition appears to decrease the occurrence of fistulas in the postoperative period in patients with head and neck cancer, with a resultant reduction in length of hospital stay. However, the differences disappeared after adjusting for age, tumour stage, or aggressiveness of the surgery


Introducción: El postoperatorio de los pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello presenta una alta tasa de complicaciones. Esta circunstancia podría aumentar la morbilidad en estos pacientes. La arginina ha demostrado mejorar la curación y modular la inflamación y la respuesta inmune. Nuestro planteamiento es valorar si el uso de fórmulas de alimentación enteral enriquecidas con arginina podría reducir la aparición de fístulas y la duración de la estancia hospitalaria. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo en pacientes intervenidos de cáncer de cabeza y cuello que recibieron nutrición enteral a través de una sonda nasogástrica en el periodo postoperatorio entre enero de 2012 y mayo de 2018. Se analizaron las diferencias asociadas a la utilización de inmunofórmula vs. fórmulas estándar. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas, de intervención nutricional y de parámetros nutricionales durante el postoperatorio inmediato, así como la aparición de complicaciones (fístulas), la duración de la estancia hospitalaria, los reingresos y la mortalidad a 90 días. Resultados: En el análisis univariante los pacientes que recibieron apoyo nutricional con inmunonutrición presentaron menor tasa de aparición de fístulas (17,91 vs. 32,84%; p = 0,047) y menor estancia hospitalaria (28,25 [DE 16,11] vs. 35,50 [DE 25,73] días; p = 0,030). Después de ajustar por edad, aporte calórico, agresividad de la cirugía y estadio del tumor, la incidencia de fístula y la estancia hospitalaria fueron similares entre los grupos, independientemente del tipo de fórmula. Conclusiones: El uso de nutrición enteral enriquecida con arginina en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello intervenidos podría reducir el desarrollo de la fístula y la duración de la estancia hospitalaria; sin embargo, las diferencias observadas desaparecen después de ajustar por edad, estadio tumoral o agresividad de la cirugía


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nutrición Enteral/métodos , Cuidados Posoperatorios , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/dietoterapia , Alimentos Formulados , Apoyo Nutricional/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tiempo de Internación , Arginina
11.
Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed) ; 67(1): 13-19, 2020 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés, Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31474502

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Head and neck cancer patients have a high rate of complications during the postoperative period that could increase their morbidity rate. Arginine has been shown to improve healing and to modulate inflammation and immune response. The aim of our study was to assess whether use of arginine-enriched enteral formulas could decrease fistulas and length of stay (LoS). METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in patients who had undergone head and neck cancer surgery and were receiving enteral nutrition through a nasogastric tube in the postoperative period between January 2012 and May 2018. The differences associated to use of immunoformula vs. standard formulas were analysed. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and nutritional intervention variables, as well as nutritional parameters, were recorded during the early postoperative period. Occurrence of complications (fistulas), length of hospital stay, readmissions, and 90-day mortality were recorded. RESULTS: In a univariate analysis, patients who received nutritional support with immunonutrition had a lower fistula occurrence rate (17.91% vs. 32.84%; p=0.047) and a shorter mean LoS [28.25 (SD 16.11) vs. 35.50 (SD 25.73) days; p=0.030]. After adjusting for age, energy intake, aggressiveness of surgery and tumour stage, fistula occurrence rate and LoS were similar in both groups irrespective of the type of formula. CONCLUSIONS: Use of arginine-enriched enteral nutrition appears to decrease the occurrence of fistulas in the postoperative period in patients with head and neck cancer, with a resultant reduction in length of hospital stay. However, the differences disappeared after adjusting for age, tumour stage, or aggressiveness of the surgery.


Asunto(s)
Arginina/administración & dosificación , Nutrición Enteral/métodos , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/cirugía , Desnutrición/terapia , Cuidados Posoperatorios/métodos , Anciano , Análisis de Varianza , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Fístula Cutánea/epidemiología , Fístula Cutánea/prevención & control , Ingestión de Energía , Nutrición Enteral/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Alimentos Formulados , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/sangre , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/complicaciones , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Humanos , Tiempo de Internación , Masculino , Desnutrición/complicaciones , Desnutrición/inmunología , Estado Nutricional , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Análisis de Regresión , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento
14.
Obes Surg ; 29(3): 999-1006, 2019 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30523538

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a matter of concern after biliopancreatic diversion (BPD). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between SHPT, 25(OH)D, and calcium after BPD. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis in obese patients after BPD performed between 1998 and 2016. METHODS: Patients with at least 1 year of follow-up were included. SHPT was considered when PTH > 65 pg/mL in the absence of an elevated corrected calcium. 25(OH)D (ng/mL) status was defined as: deficiency < 20, insufficiency 20-29.9, and sufficiency ≥ 30. RESULTS: In total, 321 patients were included (76.6% women), with mean age 43.0 (10.5) years. Median follow-up was 6.0 (IQR 3.0-9.0) years. Mean body mass index was 49.8 (7.0) kg/m2. SHPT increased to a maximum of 81.9% in the ninth year of follow-up (95% CI: 1.5-9.1). Two years after surgery, 33.9% of patients with 25(OH)D sufficiency had SHPT (p = 0.001). Corrected calcium levels were lower in patients with PTH > 65 pg/mL when compared with PTH < 65 pg/mL; 1 year: 8.96 vs 9.1 mg/dL and 5 years: 8.75 vs 9.12 mg/dL (p < 0.01). After surgery, patients with PTH > 65 pg/mL and 25(OH)D sufficiency had lower corrected calcium levels when compared with subjects with PTH and 25(OH)D in normal range. Two years: 9.0 vs 9.2 mg/dL (p < 0.05) and 4 years: 8.9 vs 9.2 mg/dL (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Once 25(OH)D is sufficient, the increase in PTH persists associated with a decrease in serum corrected calcium. It is important to ensure a sufficient calcium intake in these patients in order to avoid SHPT and osteomalacia in the future.


Asunto(s)
Desviación Biliopancreática/efectos adversos , Calcio/sangre , Hiperparatiroidismo Secundario/epidemiología , Hiperparatiroidismo Secundario/etiología , Obesidad Mórbida/epidemiología , Obesidad Mórbida/cirugía , Vitamina D/sangre , Adulto , Desviación Biliopancreática/estadística & datos numéricos , Índice de Masa Corporal , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Hiperparatiroidismo Secundario/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad Mórbida/sangre , Hormona Paratiroidea/sangre , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/sangre , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/sangre , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/complicaciones , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/epidemiología
17.
Appetite ; 114: 23-27, 2017 07 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28315777

RESUMEN

Cancer patients are at high risk of malnutrition due to several symptoms such as lack of appetite. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of different appetite disorders in cancer patients and their influence on dietary intake, nutritional status, and quality of life. We conducted a cross-sectional study of cancer patients at risk of malnutrition. Nutritional status was studied using Subjective Global Assessment, anthropometry, and grip strength. Dietary intake was evaluated with a 24-h recall, and patients were questioned about the presence of changes in appetite (none, anorexia, early satiety, or both). Quality of life was measured using EORTC-QLQ-C30. Multivariate analysis was performed using linear regression. 128 patients were evaluated. 61.7% experienced changes in appetite: 31% anorexia, 13.3% early satiety, and 17.2% both. Appetite disorders were more common in women and with the presence of cachexia. The combination of anorexia and satiety resulted in a lower weight and BMI. However, there were no significant effects on energy or macronutrient intake among different appetite alterations. Patients with a combination of anorexia and early satiety had worse overall health perception, role function, and fatigue. Appetite disorders are highly prevalent among cancer patients at risk of malnutrition. They have a significant impact on nutritional status and quality of life, especially when anorexia and early satiety are combined.


Asunto(s)
Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos/epidemiología , Desnutrición/epidemiología , Neoplasias/epidemiología , Estado Nutricional , Calidad de Vida , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalencia , España/epidemiología
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